
Last Updated on: 02 Jun 2026
Kia Carens Clavis
The Kia Carens Clavis price ranges between ₹11.21 lakh to ₹21.57 lakh (ex-showroom). The Kia Carens Clavis on-road price starts from ₹13.27 lakh for its base model HTE 7 Seat Petrol MT and goes upto ₹25.72 lakh for the top X-Line 7 Seat Turbo Petrol DCT variant. Kia sells the Carens Clavis as the replacement of the Carens, and sells both models alongside each other. Depending on the variant, the Carens Clavis comes with the option of either having six or seven seats.
The Kia Carens Clavis variants include 37 options spread across nine trims - HTE, HTE (EX), HTE (O), HTK, HTK+, HTK+(O), HTX, HTX(O) and HTX+. The Kia offers Carens Clavis in three engine options: a naturally aspirated petrol (6MT), a turbo-petrol (6MT, 6DCT, 6iMT), and a diesel (6MT, 6AT) option. Turbocharged and Turbocharged.
Key Highlights of Carens Clavis:
- The Kia Carens Clavis is the successor to the Kia Carens. The Carens is sold alongside for buyers looking for a budget Kia MPV.
- The Carens Clavis gets minor styling updates, feature additions and more variants and powertrains to choose from over the Kia Carens
- The Clavis comes with multiple powertrains: a choice of turbo-petrol and diesel options, along with multiple transmission options (6MT, 6AT, 6DCT, 6iMT)
- The Kia Clavis recently got an update in the form of a new HTX (O) variant available only with the turbo petrol DCT trim with either 6-seater or 7-seater options.
- Along with this, the HTK+ now gets 6-seater options in both engines, only with the automatic transmission. Meanwhile, the HTK+(O) also now comes with a 6-seater option, only with the turbo petrol DCT automatic powertrain.n
- The Kia Carens Clavis comes with features like connected car tech, level 2 ADAS, 12.25-inch touchscreen infotainment, 12.25-inch digital instrument cluster, panoramic sunroof, ventilated seats and more.
- Kia Carens Clavis safety features include six airbags (standard), ESC, hill start assist, downhill brake control, TPMS, rear parking sensors, all-wheel disc brakes and blind spot monitor.
Kia Carens Clavis Latest Updates
- January 2025: New HTE (EX) trim added to the Carens Clavis, which makes a sunroof more affordable by over Rs 3 lakh.
Kia Carens Clavis Features and specifications
Our Rating | 8 |
Mileage | 15.34 kmpl - 19.54 kmpl |
Engine | 1482 cc - 1497 cc |
Fuel Type | Petrol, Diesel |
Transmission | DCT, Manual, Torque Converter, IMT |
Seats | 6 - 7 |
Body Style | MUV |
Doors | 5 |
Max Power | 160 hp at 5500 rpm |
Max Torque | 253 Nm at 1500 - 3500 rpm |
| Engine Installation | Front |
| Engine Displacement | 1482 cc |
| Engine Type | Turbocharged |
| Max Engine Power | 160 hp at 5500 rpm |
| Fuel Tank Capacity | 45 litres |
| Official Fuel Economy | 16.66 kmpl |
| Rear Brakes | Disc |
| Front Brakes | Disc |
| Steering Adjust type | Manual |
| Type of Power Assist | Electric |
| Doors | 5 |
| Wheelbase | 2780 mm |
| Length | 4550 mm |
| Width | 1800 mm |
| warranty Duration | 3 Years |
| warranty Distance | Unlimited km |
| Third Row AC Vents | |
| Sunroof | Panoramic |
| Rear Windscreen Sun Shade | |
| Ambient Lighting |
| ISOFIX Child Seat Mounts | |
| Speed-Sensing Auto Door Locks | |
| Lane Keep Assist | |
| Lane Departure Avoidance |
| Projector Headlamps | |
| Puddle Lamps | |
| Headlight Type | LED |
| Front Fog Lamps |
| Trip Meter | |
| Tachometer | Digital |
| Speedometer | Digital |
| Shift Indicator |
| Wireless Phone Charging | |
| Gesture Controls | |
| AUX Input | |
| Rear Entertainment Screens |
| Digital Key |
Kia Carens Clavis price & variants
The Kia Carens Clavis price starts from ₹11.21 lakh and goes up to ₹21.57 lakh (ex-showroom). Kia Carens Clavis variants offer 37 options across nine trims, with HTE 7 Seat Petrol MT as the entry-level and X-Line 7 Seat Turbo Petrol DCT as the top trim. The Kia Carens Clavis on-road price ranges between ₹13.27 lakh to ₹25.72 lakh, depending on the city and variant.
Kia Carens Clavis Official Brochure
Download the complete brochure with specs, features, and variants.
Kia Carens Clavis expert review
We like
Spacious and practical interior
Comfortable in all three rows of seats
We don't like
Diesel auto lacks punch
Engines audible inside
8
The Clavis sticks to the Carens silhouette when it comes to the design but with a fresh face. The most notable change is up front where the LED headlamps get a revised design featuring the LEDs stacked in an ice-cube like housing like we’ve seen on the Syros. The DRLs are now sharper and extend down into the bumper while the bumper itself is sharper and cleaner. The grille is slimmer now and overall there has been no change to the width of the car. Over to the side the wheels are new and also bigger in size at 17-inch. The design is sharp and gives the Clavis some extra height to boast. Wheelbase is identical and the lines have been carried over. At the rear the LED taillamps are conjoined with a thick light bar giving it the perception of a wider car. The bumper is sleeker like the front and there is a stop lap on the mini spoiler up top. Overall. It looks like an evolved Carens which is exactly what it was intended to do.
8
Like the Carens, the Clavis can also be had as a 6 seater with captain chairs for the middle row or 7 seater that features a bench. The front seats are large and supportive and also hey electric control for the driver. Height adjust however, is manual. The passenger seat misses out on power adjust but both front seats get ventilation. The dashboard has also been revised while the blue and beige theme is carried over. You’ll also notice the new steering wheel that is also seen on the Syros and the switchgear feels high quality. In the middle row of the 6 seater, the seats are comfy, can be moved forward and backward along with a fair amount of recline. The new bit however is the addition of a panoramic sunroof that opens up the cabin. As a result the AC vents have been repositioned on near the door grab handles. There is also a boss mode that allows the middle row passenger to move the front passenger seat to elevate more room. Getting into the third row is also very easy courtesy the electric one touch tumble on the left rear seat. The third row is spacious for two adults and also gets type C ports for charging and AC vents. Backrests are adjustable and one can come a comfy spot for a few hours. With three rows up, the boot is impressive at 216-litres and there is some more space under the boot floor too.
The spare wheel sits flush under the car.
7
The Carens Clavis gets multiple powertrain options. The best one arguably is the 1.5-litre turbo-petrol with 160hp mated to a 7-speed DCT. It’s powerful enough and while linear, never struggles for grunt. The dual-clutch automatic can be controlled via the paddle shifters too.
There is also a 1.5-litre diesel with a 6-speed manual and automatic which will be preferable for regular long distance drivers. As for the enthusiasts, the Clavis gets a 6-speed manual for the turbo-petrol engine. Gearshifts are slick and the clutch is well balanced making it an enjoyable experience. The drive modes further allow the driver to customise the powertrain performance with Sport being the most responsive and Eco being the most efficient.
8
Official claimed economy for the 1.5 petrol is about 15.34 kpl, the lowest among the Clavis powertrains, but because it encourages an easy-going driving style, real-world efficiency should be respectable for daily commuting.
The broader Clavis range — including turbo-petrol DCT and diesel — officially returns up to about 16.66 kpl (DCT) and higher figures with diesel variants. These numbers should satisfy families seeking a balance of efficiency and performance in a three-row MPV.
7
The suspension of the Clavis has been tweaked compared to the Carens but it retains the character with a soft setup that takes on the bumps rather well. The bigger wheels let in some thuds at low speeds, but overall it remains a comfy ride. As for handling , the Clavis does not like to attack corners. There is a fair bit of body roll in tight bends and it is best to drive it sedately.
9
The Clavis takes over the already well-equipped Carens and adds another layer of plushness. The 12.3 inch touchscreen and 12.3 inch digital instrument cluster sit flush in a single panel. The touchscreen is loaded with tech and gets all the essentials like Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. Sadly, this isn’t wireless. It also gets in-built navigation, voice assist, a BOSE sound system, and an air purifier along with a crisp 360 degree camera.
Safety is also impressive with 6 airbags with ABS and EBD along with ESC. The big new addition is the level 2 ADAS that works well and can be manually controlled.
7
Priced between Rs 11.49 lakh to 21.49 lakh the Clavis offers a wide array of variants for different budgets. It is only slightly more expensive than the Carens which will continue to be on sale in a lower trim, presumably for fleet operators. The Clavis will aim to take the baton from the Carens and bring in more audiences to the showroom for its updated character.
It remains a well-rounded, practical MPV for those who want a family car that is feature rich.
Reviewed by: Jay Patil
Kia Carens Clavis reviews

Kia Carens Clavis comparison



Kia Carens Clavis mileage
Kia Carens Clavis mileage figures are:
Diesel MT: 19.54kpl
Petrol MT: 15.34kpl
Turbo Petrol iMT: 15.95kpl
Diesel AT: 17.5kpl
Turbo Petrol DCT: 16.66kpl
| PowertrainThe combination of engine type, fuel, and transmission that powers your vehicle and determines how it drives and what it runs on. | ARAI MileageMileage certified by the government, tested under controlled lab conditions. Real-world mileage will vary. | User Reported MileageMileage figures are reported by vehicle owners and represent the approximate real-world efficiency you may experience. Actual mileage will vary based on driving conditions, habits, and vehicle condition. |
|---|---|---|
Petrol-Automatic (DCT) 1482 cc | 16.66 kmpl | - |
Diesel-Manual 1493 cc | 19.54 kmpl | - |
Petrol-Manual 1497 cc | 15.34 kmpl | 15.87 kmpl |
Petrol-Manual 1482 cc | 15.95 kmpl | 16.25 kmpl |
Diesel-Automatic (Torque Converter) 1493 cc | 17.5 kmpl | - |
Petrol-Automatic (IMT) 1482 cc | 15.95 kmpl | - |
Kia Carens Clavis news
Kia Carens Clavis Images
Check out the Kia Carens Clavis images in the gallery, which highlight the bold exterior, spacious interior, and its features.
Kia Carens Clavis videos
The Kia Carens Clavis video highlights its features, premium styling and driving dynamics across powertrains


Kia Carens Clavis Colours
The Kia Carens Clavis colours come in mono options like Aurora Black Pearl, Clear White, Glacier White Pearl, Gravity Grey and more.
Inside, the Kia Carens Clavis interior features black and beige two-tone Interiors with black & navy semi-leatherette seats & indigo metal paint dashboard with black metal garnishing for the HTE and HTE (O) variants
The HTK, HTK+, HTK+ (O) come with black & beige two tone interiors with premium fabric and leatherette combi seats (black) & dark metal paint, dashboard with black metal garnish.
Meanwhile, the HTX, HTX (O) and HTX+ variants get triton navy & beige two tone interiors with beige & navy leatherette seats
Kia Carens Clavis FAQs
The Kia Carens is best suited for customers looking for a premium MPV that can ferry large families in comfort.
For owners whose driving is mainly in city conditions, the naturally aspirated petrol engine with the CVT gearbox is the one to go for. For those looking for a more spirited driving experience, the turbo-petrol DCT, while the diesel automatic is best suited for those who have high driving usage patterns.
Ride quality on the Kia Carens is supple, and it feels planted at high speeds. However, there is a slight firmness over low-speed bumps, and there's body roll over some corners. Lower versions with the smaller rims and high-profile tyres have better ride comfort and absorb bumps well.
Space on the inside of the Carens Clavis is plenty for the second and third rows. The second row has enough knee room, headroom, and the seats can slide for more space. Space in the third row is adequate for two adults.
The X-factor of the Carens Clavis is seat comfort in three rows, and a spacious, practical interior.
Questions you may find useful
Amarjeet Sharma
•5dI am looking to buy a 5-seater or 7-seater car with a budget of around Rs 20 lakh. My running is about 10,000-12,000 km per year. Which car should I buy, and which powertrain should I go for? Fuel efficiency, features, and comfort are my priorities.

Autocar India
If you want maximum fuel economy, nothing beats a strong hybrid. On your budget, go for the Maruti Suzuki Victoris strong-hybrid, which offers excellent real-world mileage in the city, smooth stop-and-start in traffic, and none of a diesel car’s DPF headaches. It is also easy to live with and packs the features you’ll actually use every day, like the 360 camera, ventilated seats and wireless smartphone connectivity, and it rides comfortably for family use.There are a few catches, though. The hybrid’s boot is small, the on-road price with all the features you want can stretch beyond your Rs. 20 lakh budget, and it isn’t particularly exciting to drive.If you truly need seven seats, look at the Kia Carens Clavis diesel. It is the most comfortable and feature-rich 7-seater in this budget, with good real-world mileage. However, you will need to do occasional long highway drives at higher speeds to properly maintain the diesel particulate filter (DPF).Overall, the Maruti Victoris hybrid sounds like the best bet for you.
Basaveshwar Talur
•1wPlease suggest a good value-for-money car under Rs. 20-25 lakh that is suitable for a family of 7 with good reliability and service. I am looking for a family-oriented car, 80% for city and 20% for highway. I am confused between EV and diesel. Should I consider the Mahindra Scorpio N or the XUV 7XO?

Autocar India
With 80% city use, a family of seven and a Rs 20-25 lakh budget, the Mahindra XUV 7XO is a good choice. If you can install a charger at home, though, the Mahindra XEV 9S could be a great alternative since your usage is primarily in the city. The base Pack One Above with the larger 79kWh battery pack fits within your budget and comes with all the essential comfort and tech features. In our real-world tests, we managed a combined 477.5km on a single charge, though that figure will drop sharply on the highway with a full load of passengers and luggage. Your highway trips will therefore need some planning around charging stops.If that seems like too much effort, then the XUV 7XO diesel automatic makes the most sense. It feels easier to drive in town than the Mahindra Scorpio N, with lighter controls and a smoother driving experience. Ride comfort and cabin noise levels are better, too, which your family will appreciate.A couple of things to note: with all three rows up, boot space is limited. The third row is also a bit tight for taller passengers, so check if it works for your family.Alternatively, consider the Kia Carens Clavis/Carens Clavis EV. Their smaller footprint makes them easier to drive and park in the city, and the third row is more spacious than in the XUV 7XO/XEV 9S.
Shreyas Habbu
•1wI own an XL6 2021 currently, and I'm looking to upgrade to a better car overall. I'm looking at Tata Safari, Carens Clavis, 7XO and petrol manuals only. Budget is 20-25 lakhs. My everyday driving in the city and occasional highway rides. What car is the best for this requirement?

Autocar India
If comfortable seven-seat usability matters, we would recommend the Kia Carens Clavis turbo petrol manual. The third row is better than what you are used to in the Maruti XL6, and overall it will feel like a meaningful upgrade in interior fit and finish, features, comfort and overall premiumness. The turbo petrol manual also gives you a proper step up in performance, so it will not just feel like a nicer XL6, but a genuinely more capable family car.If the third row is more of an occasional backup and you are effectively happy with a spacious five-seater most of the time, then the Mahindra XUV 7XO petrol is the stronger pick. It has a powerful petrol engine, feels more premium, is genuinely comfortable, drives very well and overall feels like the more substantial SUV upgrade. The only caveat is that its third row is nowhere near as practical as the Carens if you actually plan to use all seven seats regularly.
Jeevan
•1wI want to buy a 7 Seater car that should be comfortable for long highway rides with great suspension & fuel efficiency & that I can keep for at least 8-10 years without regret. The budget is around 25 lakh.

Autocar India
For your requirements, the Kia Carens Clavis diesel manual would be our first recommendation. Since your priority is long highway comfort, strong fuel efficiency and long-term ownership without regret, this fits exceptionally well. The diesel engine is efficient and well-suited to highway cruising, the ride comfort is good, the cabin is practical for family use and importantly, the third row is genuinely usable, unlike many so-called 7-seaters. If most of your driving is highway-based, living with a manual should not be a problem, and it will reward you with much better efficiency than the automatic alternatives.If your highway runs are not extremely long, charging infrastructure on your regular routes is dependable, and you are open to going electric, the Kia Carens Clavis EV is also a genuinely strong option. It gives you much lower running costs, excellent comfort and the same practical seven-seat layout. The only caveat is that for truly long road trips, you need to be comfortable planning around charging stops.
Aarav Mehta
•1wHi Experts, I’m from Hyderabad. 45+ couple, 2 kids (11yrs) with Motion sickness issues, parents 80 yrs+. Need 6-seater Petrol AT with middle row sliding feature. Iam currently driving Zen estilo vxi petrol variant 2007. Budget is maximum Rs 30 Lakhs on road. Usage: 4000 km/yr, usage weekly once, 60% highway at 90-100 kmph, 40% city. Parents come 25% of the usage. Planning to keep for 12-15 years. Parents need easy ingress like Innova hycross. Is ADAS required according to my usage? Priority: No battery drain with weekly once use, suitable for kids with Motion sickness issues, safety, features, mileage, after-sales, resale. Shortlisted: 1. Tata Safari Petrol Accomplished Plus 2. Toyota Hycross GX O 6-seater 3. MG Hector Plus Petrol AT Savvy 6-seater 4. Kia Carens Clavis Petrol AT HTX O 6-seater Kindly let me know the Best fit for my usage in the above or any other car if iam missing the same. Thanks and regards Aarav Mehta

Autocar India
Given your mostly highway family runs, low yearly use, need for a true 6-seat petrol automatic and easy step-in for your parents, the Toyota Innova HyCross GX(O) 6-seater fits best. It is the easiest to get in and out of among your list, the middle-row captain seats slide to set a calm seating position for the kids, and the ride stays steady at 90-100 kph, so they feel less queasy. For a 12-15 year plan, Toyota’s reliability, dealer reach, and resale make life simple, and petrol suits 4,000 km a year with weekly starts without battery worries.Do note the GX(O) is light on some nice-to-have features, and the petrol will not be as efficient as the hybrid, but your annual running keeps fuel spend in check.If you want a lower price and a more city-friendly size, the Kia Carens Clavis petrol automatic HTX(O) 6-seater is your next best pick. It also has a sliding middle row and a very easy step-in, but it does not feel as settled on the highway, and the third row is tighter.ADAS is not essential for your use. If within budget, auto brake and blind-spot alerts are useful; lane-keep can feel intrusive here. The MG Hector Plus is no longer on sale. The Tata Safari’s taller step-in is not ideal for your parents. Overall, go with the Innova HyCross GX(O) 6-seater.
Bhavesh
•1wI currently own a 2012 Hyundai i20, which I mainly use for office commuting and city driving of around 70 km per day. We are a family of six, and I am now planning to upgrade to a more spacious and comfortable car with a budget of around ₹14.5 lakh on-road. My primary requirements are: Comfortable ride quality and good suspension Spacious cabin with enough room for family use Powerful and effective air conditioning Better engine performance than my current i20 Good overall comfort for both city and highway driving Some modern features and convenience equipment would also be appreciated

Autocar India
Daily 70 km in the city, and a family of six, point you to a 3-row people mover within your budget. The Kia Carens Clavis 1.5 petrol HTE EX. It rides comfortably on rough city roads, so you and your parents won’t feel tossed around. The second row can be slid forward and backwards to balance room for passengers, and even the third row is usable for adults on short trips. The air-con is powerful, with roof vents helping with cooling. The engine is smooth and quiet in town, and the light controls make stop-and-go driving easy. You also get useful features even in the lower trims, but sadly, essentials like a rear wiper and defogger are only on higher-spec models. Two trade-offs to note: with all three rows up, the boot is small, and with six or seven on board, you will need a lower gear for quick moves.If you prefer a simpler, easier-to-own choice, the Maruti Suzuki Ertiga VXi/ZXi is a close second, with a strong AC and easy-to-use nature. Toyota Rumion offers the same package with Toyota service support. Overall, the Carens Clavis lines up best for comfort, space and cooling at this price.
Abhiram
•1wI am looking for a good and reliable replacement for my 2017 Honda BR-V diesel. The new car should be easy to drive for my parents, while also being comfortable and practical for both city and highway use. We are a family of six and regularly travel long distances together. I also live in a small village with narrow roads and poor road conditions, including potholes, so good ride comfort, manageable size, and decent ground clearance are important requirements.

Autocar India
For your needs, consider the Kia Carens Clavis diesel as a logical upgrade from your Honda BR-V diesel. The Kia has a refined and efficient 116hp, 1.5 diesel engine that can be had with either a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed torque converter automatic. The MPV has a comfy and spacious cabin with a genuinely usable third row, which makes it ideal for long drives, and it has light controls, which means it'll be easy for your parents to drive as well. The Carens Clavis is also not a particularly large car, so driving in narrow lanes and parking will not be an issue either.
Sourabh Nanaware
•2wHello, I have a family of 5 adults and 1 child. Should I go for a 5-seater SUV or a 7-seater car? My preference is for a petrol automatic car with good safety and fuel efficiency. The car will mainly be used for city driving with 2-3 people, along with occasional full-load highway trips. I have shortlisted 5-seater options including: * Tata Sierra Pure Petrol - feels underpowered * Kia Seltos - concerned about its length for city driving * Renault Duster - good car, but concerned about rear-seat space * Skoda Kushaq - like it a lot, but rear-seat space is a concern 7-seater options that I have shortlisted: * Tata Safari - like it for safety and mileage, but it is out of budget * Mahindra XUV 7X0 - low fuel efficiency and slightly out of budget * Kia Clavis - concerned about safety * Maruti XL6 - good mileage but safety is a concern My budget is Rs. 15-17 lakh for a 5-seater and can stretch up to Rs. 20 lakh for a 7-seater.

Autocar India
If 6 people are going to sit in the vehicle, you should get a 6/7-seater. Among your choices, the Kia Carens Clavis lines up best. Even though it doesn't have an official crash test rating, it is much better than having one extra unbelted occupant in a 5-seater. As standard, it comes with 6 airbags, ABS, 4-wheel disc brakes, rear parking sensors, 3-point seat belts with reminder, and ISOFIX mounts. It isn't very large, so it doesn’t become cumbersome to drive and park in the city, and the light steering helps in tight spaces. It also has a very usable third row that can seat adults comfortably.Your Rs. 20 lakh budget will get you the HTK Plus with the 1.5-litre turbo-petrol DCT combo. It is a refined powertrain with enough performance for quick overtakes even with a full load. The XL6’s torque-converter auto will feel slightly smoother in traffic, but overall, the Clavis is the better choice.
Mannyjoe
•2wWhich good MPV (7-seater) to buy within 18 lakh?

Autocar India
The Kia Carens Clavis is the best 7-seat MPV within Rs 18 lakh. It's a very practical model with highlights being easy access to its third row (thanks to a one-touch tumble fold seat) and multi-way adjustable middle row. This option to slide the middle row back and forth helps balance space for passengers across the cabin. The Carens Clavis' third row is usable even for adults, which makes the Kia well-suited for anyone with genuine use for seven seats.Your budget is sufficient for all three engine options, namely a 1.5-litre petrol, a 1.5-litre turbo-petrol and a 1.5-litre diesel. The standard 1.5 petrol offers fair performance and is a good pick if you'll be spending the bulk of your time in town. If you want more performance, opt for the 1.5 turbo-petrol. It feels strongest and is best if you drive on the highway often with a full load of passengers. On the flipside, fuel economy is least. The diesel is pleasant and scores well for fuel efficiency. However, it's fine for gentle cruising but isn't punchy. Opt for the right engine for your needs and then close on the variant that fits within your budget.
Sandeep
•2wMy current vehicle is a Hyundai Xcent, and I want to sell it and buy a 6 or 7-seater car. My budget is Rs 10-15 lakh. Which car would you suggest?

Autocar India
Within Rs 10-15 lakh, the Maruti Suzuki Ertiga is the best all rounder. It gives the most usable third row at this price, so adults can sit there for short to medium drives, and the ride stays comfortable over broken roads. The light steering and good all-round visibility make it easy to handle in traffic, and when you fold the last row you get a big boot for airport runs or luggage-heavy trips. Its got excellent fuel economy, and in your budget, you should be able to get a top spec version and even an automatic gearbox if you like. You could also try Toyota's version of the Ertiga - the Rumion - or if you want captain's chairs in the middle row, there is the Maruti Suzuki XL6.Some things to note: with seven on board the petrol will need a few more gear changes on hills, and you only get the option of a single petrol engine or a CNG version. Another great option is the Kia Carens Clavis, which is big on space, practicality, comfort and quality. However, at your budget, you will only get lower variants and the basic 1.5-litre petrol engine, and will have to spend more to get the turbo petrol or diesel versions. If you're able to up your budget by a few lakhs, it is definitely worth considering.


























































